Zhi, Chen (9 November 2004). "From Exclusive Xia to Inclusive Zhu-Xia: The Conceptualisation of Chinese Identity in Early China". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 14 (3): 185–205. doi: 10.1017/S135618630400389X. Che, Chang; Chien, Amy Chang; Stevenson, Alexandra (7 December 2022). "What Has Changed About China's 'Zero Covid' Policy". The New York Times. Rowe, William (2010). China's Last Empire - The Great Qing. Harvard University Press. p.123. ISBN 9780674054554.

China has urbanized significantly in recent decades. The percent of the country's population living in urban areas increased from 20% in 1980 to over 64% in 2021. [473] [474] [475] It is estimated that China's urban population will reach one billion by 2030, potentially equivalent to one-eighth of the world population. [474] Chinese architecture has developed over millennia in China and has remained a vestigial source of perennial influence on the development of East Asian architecture, [574] [575] [576] including in Japan, Korea, and Mongolia. [577] and minor influences on the architecture of Southeast and South Asia including the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and the Philippines. [578] [579] a b Ma, Josephine (17 May 2021). "Party-state relations under China's Communist Party: separation of powers, control over government and reforms". South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2023-06-23.Williams, Jann (10 December 2009). "Biodiversity Theme Report". Environment.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11 . Retrieved 2010-04-27. See also: List of cities in China, List of cities in China by population, and Megalopolises in China Map of the ten largest cities in China (2010) a b c d "Jiang Zemin, who guided China's economic rise, dies". Associated Press. 30 November 2022 . Retrieved 2022-11-30. Cody, Edward (28 January 2006). "In Face of Rural Unrest, China Rolls Out Reforms". The Washington Post . Retrieved 2020-01-18.

Davidson, Helen (16 March 2022). "How close are China and Russia and where does Beijing stand on Ukraine?". The Guardian . Retrieved 2023-01-11. translation: China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan. Years 2011–2030" (PDF). Convention on Biological Diversity. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09 . Retrieved 2012-12-09.Between the 10th and 11th century CE, the population of China doubled to around 100 million people, mostly because of the expansion of rice cultivation in central and southern China, and the production of abundant food surpluses. The Song dynasty also saw a revival of Confucianism, in response to the growth of Buddhism during the Tang, [65] and a flourishing of philosophy and the arts, as landscape art and porcelain were brought to new levels of complexity. [66] [67] However, the military weakness of the Song army was observed by the Jin dynasty. In 1127, Emperor Huizong of Song and the capital Bianjing were captured during the Jin–Song Wars. The remnants of the Song retreated to southern China. [68]