though no less likely to intoxicate) because of its low level of fusel oils and congeners, which are impurities that flavor spirits. [44] History The " vodka belt" countries of Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe are the historic home of vodka. These countries have the highest vodka consumption in the world.

Vodka ( Polish: wódka [ˈvutka]; Russian: водка [ˈvotkə]; Swedish: vodka [vɔdkɑː]) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage. Different varieties originated in Poland, Russia, and Sweden. [1] [2] Vodka is composed mainly of water and ethanol but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavourings. [3] Traditionally, it is made by distilling liquid from fermented cereal grains, and potatoes since introduced in Europe in the 1700s. Some modern brands use corn, sugar cane, fruits, honey, and maple sap as the base.

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In most cases, vodka flavoring comes from a post-distillation infusion of flavors. Through the fermentation process, grain mash is transformed into a neutral alcohol beverage that is unflavored. The process of flavoring vodka so that it tastes like fruits, chocolate, and other foods occurs after fermentation and distillation. Various chemicals that reproduce the flavor profiles of foods are added into vodka to give it a specific taste. Vodka is less likely than other spirits to produce the undesirable after-effects of heavy consumption Stoli CEO Speaks Out On How Company Will Respond To Vodka Boycott". HuffPost. 31 July 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2022. Records the default button state of the corresponding category & the status of CCPA. It works only in coordination with the primary cookie.

Distillation techniques were developed in Roman Egypt by the 3rd century, but the description of aqua ardens ("burning water", i.e., alcohol) made by distilling wine with salt appears in Latin works only by the 12th century. The process was well known among European medieval chemists by about 1300. [18] Poland Ermochkine, Nicholas, and Iglikowski, Peter (2003). 40 degrees east: an anatomy of vodka, Nova Publishers, p. 217, ISBN 1-59033-594-5. Rogala, Jan (2004). Gorzałka czyli historia i zasady wypalania mocnych trunków. Baobab. ISBN 83-89642-70-0.In these early days, the spirits were used mostly as medicines. Stefan Falimierz asserted in his 1534 works on herbs that vodka could serve "to increase fertility and awaken lust". Wodka lub gorzałka (1614), by Jerzy Potański, contains valuable information on the production of vodka. Jakub Kazimierz Haur, in his book Skład albo skarbiec znakomitych sekretów ekonomii ziemiańskiej ( A Treasury of Excellent Secrets about Landed Gentry's Economy, Kraków, 1693), gave detailed recipes for making vodka from rye.

The production of liquor begins in the mid-15th century, with varied local traditions emerging throughout Europe, in Poland as vodka ( Polish: wódka or gorzałka). In the 16th century, the Polish word for the beverage was gorzałka (from the Old Polish verb gorzeć meaning "to burn"), which is also the source of Ukrainian horilka (горілка). The word written in Cyrillic appeared first in 1533, about a medicinal drink brought from Poland to Russia by the Russian merchants. [19] One critic argued that boycotts of Russian-branded vodka may inadvertently affect U.S. vodka manufacturers and noted that only 1.2 percent of U.S. vodka imports come from Russia. [53] Illegal production Early production methods were rudimentary. The beverage was usually low-proof, and the distillation process had to be repeated several times (a three-stage distillation process was common). The first distillate was called brantówka, the second was szumówka, and the third was okowita (from aqua vitae), which generally contained 70–80% ABV. Then the beverage was watered down, yielding a simple vodka (30–35% ABV), or a stronger one if the watering was done using an alembic. The exact production methods were described in 1768 by Jan Paweł Biretowski and in 1774 by Jan Chryzostom Pasek. The late 18th century inaugurated the production of vodka from various unusual substances including even the carrot. [21]This cookie is set by Rubicon Project to control synchronization of user identification and exchange of user data between various ad services. a b "The Production of Vodka". Archived from the original on 22 January 2008 . Retrieved 20 January 2007. The heritage of professor Juozas Balčikonis, the great educator of the native language". Archived from the original on 11 April 2008 . Retrieved 11 March 2008.